1 Timothy 5:19

Authorized King James Version

Against an elder receive not an accusation, but before two or three witnesses.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
κατὰ
Against
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#2
πρεσβυτέρου
an elder
older; as noun, a senior; specially, an israelite sanhedrist (also figuratively, member of the celestial council) or christian "presbyter"
#3
κατηγορίαν
an accusation
a complaint ("category"), i.e., criminal charge
#4
μὴ
not
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#5
παραδέχου
receive
to accept near, i.e., admit or (by implication) delight in
#6
ἐκτὸς
the exterior; figuratively (as a preposition) aside from, besides
#7
εἰ
if, whether, that, etc
#8
μὴ
not
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#9
ἐπὶ
before
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
#10
δύο
two
"two"
#11
or
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
#12
τριῶν
three
"three"
#13
μαρτύρων
witnesses
a witness (literally (judicially) or figuratively (genitive case)); by analogy, a "martyr"

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 Timothy. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection